Abstract

Wild Olive (Olea cuspidata) is an ecologically and economically significant species in Nepal’s Sudurpaschim Province, yet its production potential remains understudied. This research paper assessed Olive’s distribution, growing stock, and habitat suitability across Bajura and Bajhang districts using participatory resource map- ping and MaxEnt modeling. Results showed high regeneration density (17,472 ± 100.2 seedlings ha−1), with mature tree density averaging 133 ± 12.5 ha−1. Total growing stock reached 753.6 tonnes (annual allowable har- vest: 678.5 tonnes), with optimal productivity on north-facing slopes at 1,300–1,400 m elevation. Value chain analysis revealed limited processing (crude oil only), highlighting opportunities for product diversification. We recommend (1) expanding cultivation in 636 ha of community forests, (2) policy incentives for processing in- frastructure, and (3) certification to enhance market access. These findings provide a blueprint for sustainable Olive management in the Himalayas.